Manipulate does not work with random and text display

Question

I would like to do a small demonstration of Monte Carlo integration. However, When I generated the plot code, it does not work properly.

mcPlot[nn_] := 
 Module[{x, y, n = nn, colorFunction}, 
  x = RandomReal[{0, π/2}, n]; y = N[Sin[x]]; 
  colorFunction = ColorData["BrightBands"]; 
  GraphicsGrid[{{Show[
      Plot[Sin[x], {x, 0, π/2}, Frame -> True, ImageSize -> Large,
        PlotStyle -> Thickness[0.01], 
       FrameLabel -> {{Text[
           Style["Sin[x]", Medium, Bold, RGBColor[0.2, 0.5, 0.9]]], 
          None}, {Text[
           Style["x ∈ [0, \!\(\*FractionBox[\(π\), \
\(2\)]\)]", Medium, Bold, RGBColor[0.2, 0.5, 0.9]]], None}}], 
      Graphics[{EdgeForm[
         Opacity[.5]], {colorFunction[#[[1]]/(π/2)], Opacity[.05],
            Rectangle[{0, 0}, {#[[1]], #[[2]]}], 
           colorFunction[#[[1]]/(π/2)], Opacity[.05], 
           Rectangle[{#[[1]], #[[2]]}, {π/2, 0}]} & /@ 
         Transpose[{x, y}], {PointSize[0.015], 
         Point[Transpose[{x, y}]]}}]], 
     GraphicsGrid[{{Text[
         Style["\!\(\*FractionBox[\(1\), \
\(n\)]\)\!\(\*UnderoverscriptBox[\(∑\), \(i = 1\), \
\(n\)]\)Sin[\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(x\), \(i\)]\)] = ", Medium, Bold, 
          RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]]], 
        Text[Style[Mean[y], Medium, Bold, 
          RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]]]}, {Text[
         Style["\!\(\*FractionBox[\(\(|\)\(S\\\  - \*SubscriptBox[\(S\
\), \(0\)]\)\(|\)\), SubscriptBox[\(S\), \(0\)]]\) = ", Medium, Bold, 
          RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]]], 
        Text[Style[Abs[Mean[y] π/2 - 1], Medium, Bold, 
          RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]]]}}]}}]]
Manipulate[mcPlot[n], {n, 1, 10}]

1.It seems the problem is due to Random and text display.

2.The text on the right does not show up nicely and it is difficult to make them together in one frame.

Can any one help me with the issue.

Answer 1

Use

Manipulate[mcPlot[n], {n, 1, 10, 1}]

to avoid non-integer n being passed to RandomReal[{0, π/2}, n].

For the second part of the question, you can use Grid instead of GraphicsGrid:

ClearAll[mcPlot]
mcPlot[nn_] := Module[{x, y, n = nn, colorFunction}, 
  x = RandomReal[{0, π/2}, n]; y = N[Sin[x]];
  colorFunction = ColorData["BrightBands"];
  text = Grid[{{Style[TraditionalForm[
    HoldForm[Divide[1, "n"] Sum[Sin[Subscript["x", i]], {i, 1, "n"}]]], 
       Large, Bold, RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]], 
   Style["==", Large, Bold, RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]], 
   Style[Round[Mean[y], .00001], Large, Bold,  RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]]}, 
  {Style[TraditionalForm[
    HoldForm[Divide[Abs[s - Subscript[s, 0]], Subscript[s, 0]]]], 
       Large, Bold, RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]], 
   Style["==", Large, Bold, RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]], 
   Style[Round[Abs[Mean[y] π/2 - 1], .00001], Large, Bold, RGBColor[0.2, 0.2, 0.2]]}}];
  Row[{Show[Plot[Sin[x], {x, 0, π/2}, Frame -> True, ImageSize -> Large, 
      PlotStyle -> Thickness[0.01], 
      FrameLabel -> {{Text[Style["Sin[x]", Medium, Bold, RGBColor[0.2, 0.5, 0.9]]], 
         None}, 
   {Text[ Style["x ∈ [0, \!\(\*FractionBox[\(π\), \\(2\)]\)]", 
   Medium, Bold, RGBColor[0.2, 0.5, 0.9]]], None}}], 
   Graphics[{EdgeForm[Opacity[.5]], {colorFunction[#[[1]]/(π/2)], 
     Opacity[.05], Rectangle[{0, 0}, {#[[1]], #[[2]]}], 
     colorFunction[#[[1]]/(π/2)], Opacity[.05], 
     Rectangle[{#[[1]], #[[2]]}, {π/2, 0}]} & /@ Transpose[{x, y}], 
     {PointSize[0.015], Point[Transpose[{x, y}]]}}]], text}, Spacer[10]]]
Manipulate[mcPlot[n], {n, 1, 10, 1}]