make specific cluster

Question

I have set of coordinates. I want to make clusters in which every point is within 1.5 distance unit of it's neighbor.

ex of point coordinates:

{{-12.945, 20.6509, 12.5901}, {-13.4452, 20.307, 111.626}, 
{-12.9731, 22.8458, 12.4215}, {-13.2381, 24.8167, 10.7147}, 
{-11.3668, 23.3908,11.8499}, {-11.6828, 23.7311, 10.8839}, 
{-13.3929, 21.1835, 9.86324}, {-11.5016, 21.3324, 10.1392}, 
{-12.3079, 22.096, 8.57246}, {-12.5268, 20.9679, 10.5444}, 
{-12.1951, 24.5423, 10.1807}, {-11.8887, 22.3883, 10.0751}, 
{-14.2529, 20.4808, 9.81084}, {-11.9876, 21.8094, 11.0478}, 
{-12.3718, 23.6176, 11.8266}, {-11.6179, 20.8324, 11.2154}, 
{-12.5927, 21.7492, 12.5087}, {-12.1665, 24.6649, 11.2909}, 
{-12.3854, 21.5571, 9.51876}, {-12.2237, 23.4278, 9.9787}}

what is the quickest way in Mathematica for this (for large data sets).

I tried this to find all points that are within mentioned distance:

Table[Select[List, EuclideanDistance[List[[i]], #] < 1.5 &], {i, 1, Length[[List]]}]

but now I have troubles to join all sets that have common elements.

Answer 1

Here is a possible alteernative, I was working on while Kuba posted his answer :-) I also started by using FixedPoint and the inner loop seems to work but the outer one is easier with While.

c = {{-12.945, 20.6509, 12.5901}, {-13.4452, 20.307, 
    111.626}, {-12.9731, 22.8458, 12.4215}, {-13.2381, 24.8167, 
    10.7147}, {-11.3668, 23.3908, 11.8499}, {-11.6828, 23.7311, 
    10.8839}, {-13.3929, 21.1835, 9.86324}, {-11.5016, 21.3324, 
    10.1392}, {-12.3079, 22.096, 8.57246}, {-12.5268, 20.9679, 
    10.5444}, {-12.1951, 24.5423, 10.1807}, {-11.8887, 22.3883, 
    10.0751}, {-14.2529, 20.4808, 9.81084}, {-11.9876, 21.8094, 
    11.0478}, {-12.3718, 23.6176, 11.8266}, {-11.6179, 20.8324, 
    11.2154}, {-12.5927, 21.7492, 12.5087}, {-12.1665, 24.6649, 
    11.2909}, {-12.3854, 21.5571, 9.51876}, {-12.2237, 23.4278, 
    9.9787}};
MyClustering[data_List, distance_?NumericQ] :=
 Module[{dataoriginal = data, res = {}, temp = {}},
  While[dataoriginal =!= {},
   temp = {};
   AppendTo[res,
    FixedPoint[(
       Map[
        Function[p, 
         temp = Join[temp, 
           Select[dataoriginal, EuclideanDistance[#, p] < distance &]];
         dataoriginal = Complement[dataoriginal, temp]], #]; 
       temp) &, {dataoriginal[[1]]}]]];
  Return[res]]

Just few notes: dataoriginal is needed because I modify the original list and the argument of a function (data in that case) cannot be modified inside the function's body. For huge lists AppendTo is generally slow, so a possible alternative is

res = Join[{res}, FixedPoint[...]]

Answer 2

Here's a different approach, though I think it's quite inefficient.

I treat the points as vertices in a graph. I check each pair of points and if the distance between them is less than 1.5 I connect them with an edge. The clusters are just the ConnectedComponents of the graph.

v = Range @ Length @ data;
e = UndirectedEdge @@@ Select[Subsets[v, {2}], EuclideanDistance @@ data[[#]] < 1.5 &];

ConnectedComponents @ Graph[v, e]
(* {{14, 8, 10, 12, 16, 19, 7, 20, 9, 13, 6, 11, 5, 15, 18, 4, 3, 17, 1}, {2}} *)

Answer 3

This is my interpretation:

your cluster is a set of points that for each one there is at least one within 1.5 distance.

I will not be surprised if there is some kind of one-liner but I haven't played with Clusters etc much.

This is straightforward approach:

data = (* your data*)

SetAttributes[f, HoldAll];
f[cluster_] := Module[{n = Length@cluster},
               Do[
                cluster = Join[cluster, 
                               Select[data, EuclideanDistance[#, cluster[[i]]] < 1.5 &]
                              ];
                           data = Complement[data, cluster];
                 , {i, n}];
               cluster
               ];

The the inner loop should be done with FixedPoint but I've failed in implementation so I used While:

i = 0;
While[Length[data] > 0,
      i++;
      clusters[i] = data[[{1}]];
      data = Rest@data;
      start = 0;
      end = 1;
      While[start != end,
            With[{i = i}, start = Length@clusters[i]; 
                          f[clusters[i]]; 
                          end = Length@clusters[i]];
           ];
     ]

set = clusters /@ Range@i

ListPointPlot3D[set, PlotStyle -> {Red, Blue}, BaseStyle -> AbsolutePointSize@10, 
                     PlotRange -> All]

Looks reasonable :)

I have to focus and it will take some time to write explanation, be patient. Or maybe it will be pointless if this is an overkill :)