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I would like to perform a change of variables on the following dynamics system:

system = NonlinearStateSpaceModel[{{y1'[t] == y2[t], 
y2'[t] == -theta[t]^2 y1[t] + 
  theta'[t] y2[t]/theta[t]}, {alpha1 y1[t] + alpha2 y2[t]}}, {y1[
t], y2[t]}, {}]

The change of variables would be: y2[t] -> theta[t] y3[t]. While I could easily see what would be the outcome by hand, I don't see why this command would not return anything with Mathematica:

StateSpaceTransform[system, {{y2[t] -> theta[t] y3[t]}, {y3[t] -> 
y2[t]/theta[t]}}]

The error I receive is meaningless in my honest point of view since:

Length@ {{y2[t] -> theta[t] y3[t]}, {y3[t] -> 
y2[t]/theta[t]}}

returns 2.

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  • $\begingroup$ It's Length /@ that must give {2, 2}. It wants 2 transformations going both ways. Since you have to put something in for a second transformation in each, how about putting y1[t] -> y1[t] into both of them? $\endgroup$
    – LouisB
    Commented Jul 23, 2019 at 9:16
  • $\begingroup$ Yes you're right. I added the two dummy transformations but it seams to say that the system is not a valid nonlinear state space model... I guess Mathematica doesn't like the time varying parameters $\endgroup$
    – Mirko Aveta
    Commented Jul 23, 2019 at 9:45
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    $\begingroup$ If MMA doesn't like time varying parameters, make them state variables. Maybe it's the $\frac{d\theta}{dt}$ that's confusing things. What governs the time evolution of $\theta$ anyway? $\endgroup$
    – LouisB
    Commented Jul 23, 2019 at 10:24
  • $\begingroup$ It is unknown. I was just willing to see the pretty change of variables. It's a petty that TV systems are not treated by Mathematica. Most industrial applications are modeled as such. $\endgroup$
    – Mirko Aveta
    Commented Jul 23, 2019 at 11:18

1 Answer 1

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(Several points that make it too long for a comment.)

  • As @LouisB points out in the comments, StateSpaceTrasform is expecting a transformation of dimension {2, 2}.

  • The usage of NonlinearStateSpaceModel should be something as shown below. What you have is GIGO. (Just try StateSpaceModel[system].)

    eqns = {D[y1[t], t] == y2[t], 
    D[y2[t], t] == -theta[t]^2 y1[t] + D[theta[t], t] y2[t]/theta[t]};

NonlinearStateSpaceModel[eqns, {y1[t], y2[t], theta[t]}, {}, 
{alpha1 y1[t] + alpha2 y2[t]}, t]

  • Next, what you want as your state space is not clear. What is the initial state-space? $\{y1, y2\}$ or $\{y1, y2, theta\}$. When you invoke StateSpaceTransform what do you want your final state-space to be?

  • And finally, the system you have is problematic. This is related to the point above. You need to have a well-defined state space for any computations to make sense. 

    NDSolve[Join[eqns, {y1[0]==1,y2[0]==0,theta[0]==0.01}],{y1,y2},{t,0,1}]

    returns unevaluated with the message

    NDSolve::underdet: There are more dependent variables, {theta[t],y1[t],y2[t]}, than equations, so the system is underdetermined.

Update

Convert to state-space form. To do this we need to briefly consider the time-varying parameter as constant.

system = With[{tempRules = {theta[t] -> theta, theta'[t] -> thetaD}},
   NonlinearStateSpaceModel[eqns /. tempRules, 
   {y1[t], y2[t]}, {}, {alpha1 y1[t] + alpha2 y2[t]}, t] /. Reverse /@ tempRules]

enter image description here

Then perform the state-space transformation.

StateSpaceTransform[system, {{1, 0}, {0, theta[t]}}]

enter image description here

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    $\begingroup$ Hi Suba! My initial state-space is {y1,y2} as I mentioned above, so I expect the new state space to be {y1,y3}. In my point of view theta[t] is not a state, it is a time-varying quantity making the system non-autonomous. I do not want to define it with a specific function. $\endgroup$
    – Mirko Aveta
    Commented Jul 24, 2019 at 7:40
  • $\begingroup$ Hi Mirko. Currently, when converting from a differential or difference equation the time dependent parameters need to be either a state or an input variable. You can circumvent this by temporarily assigning them to constants when the conversion to state-space form happens. Pls see my update. $\endgroup$
    – Suba Thomas
    Commented Jul 24, 2019 at 13:38
  • $\begingroup$ The problem with this convention is that you miss the derivatives when converting: I I do the derivative of y2 I would have to see theta' y3+theta y3'. This seams to be missing with the assignment you're suggesting. I would expect from the change of variables a real Jordan form. $\endgroup$
    – Mirko Aveta
    Commented Jul 25, 2019 at 11:27
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    $\begingroup$ I see. Yes. It is a bug that needs to be fixed. $\endgroup$
    – Suba Thomas
    Commented Jul 25, 2019 at 13:56
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    $\begingroup$ The fix will be in the next release. Thanks. $\endgroup$
    – Suba Thomas
    Commented Aug 1, 2019 at 16:52

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