pp = ParametricPlot[{Sin@x, .3 Log@(x^2)}, {x, 0, 10}, 
       Mesh -> {Subdivide[0, 10, 20]}, 
       MeshStyle -> Directive[ColorData[97]@1, PointSize[Large]]];
    points = Cases[Normal[pp], Point[x_] :> x, ∞];
    Show[pp, ListPlot[Callout[#, #2] & @@@ 
       Transpose[{SortBy[points, Last], N @ Rest@Subdivide[0, 10, 20]}]], 
      ImageSize -> 400]
[![enter image description here][1]][1]

Also

    ParametricPlot[{Sin@x, .3 Log@(x^2)}, {x, 0, 10}, 
     Epilog -> ListPlot[Callout[{##2}, #] & @@@ 
       Table[N@{x, Sin@x, .3 Log @ (x^2)}, {x, Subdivide[0, 10, 20]}], 
      PlotStyle -> PointSize[Large]][[1]]]

[![enter image description here][2]][2]


  [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/7zU98.png
  [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/qIXLO.png