I want to compute something like : `Conjugate[ Sin[\[Theta]] (I (2 Sqrt[2] f + h[x]) + Sin[\[Theta]] \[Eta][x]) Derivative[1][h][ x] + ((1 + I) Sqrt[2] f (1 + I Cos[2 \[Theta]]) + h[x] Sin[\[Theta]]^2 - (Cos[\[Theta]]^3 + I Sin[\[Theta]]^3) \[Eta][x]) Derivative[1][\[Eta]][x]] // Refine` I have a list of assumptions requiring that all the quantities (also the derivatives) are reals so, in principle, Mathematica should be able to replace the I by -I, problem is it does not... Why is it so difficult for Mathematica to replace the I by -I, I really don't understand because it seems so simple... Does anyone have a clue why it doesn't work ? (I also tried Simplify / FullSimplify instead of Refine and it doesn't work as well) Thank you in advance ;)