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If I have 

list1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
list2 = {5, 6, 7, 8}

How can I do so, that 

function[#1, #2]

takes #1 from list1 and #2 from list2??

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MapThread[function[#1, #2] &, {list1, list2}]
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  • 7
    $\begingroup$ No need for: [#1, #2] & $\endgroup$ – Kuba♦ Jan 18 '15 at 14:36
  • $\begingroup$ @David No, that's not the same, unless function happens to be listable. $\endgroup$ – Mr.Wizard Jan 18 '15 at 19:39
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Since your question leaves a wide range of possible interpretations I suggest to examine these methods

Inner[ f, list1, list2, List]

{f[1, 5], f[2, 6], f[3, 7], f[4, 8]}

or

f @@@ Transpose[{list1, list2}]

or

Thread[ f[ Transpose[{list1, list2}]]]

Perhaps you could prefer Outer providing all possible pairs

 Outer[ f, list1, list2]

{{f[1, 5], f[1, 6], f[1, 7], f[1, 8]}, 
 {f[2, 5], f[2, 6], f[2, 7], 2, 8]}, 
 {f[3, 5], f[3, 6], f[3, 7], f[3, 8]}, 
 {f[4, 5], f[4, 6], f[4, 7], f[4, 8]}}

or 

f @@@ Tuples[{list1, list2}]

{ f[1, 5], f[1, 6], f[1, 7], f[1, 8], f[2, 5], f[2, 6], 
  f[2, 7], f[2, 8], 3, 5], f[3, 6], f[3, 7], f[3, 8], 
  f[4, 5], f[4, 6], f[4, 7], f[4, 8]}
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