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The MMA docs state that "In matching patterns with Orderless functions, all possible orders of arguments are tried".
Why then does the following not work?
plus[x__Integer, y__Real] := x+y
Attributes[plus] = {Orderless}
plus[2.5, 3]
Got:
plus[2.5, 3]
Expected:
5.5
Note that the expression does match the pattern.
MatchQ[plus[2.5, 3], plus[x__Integer, y__Real]]
returns True if and only if plus has the Orderless Attribute.
I think the documentation needs to be more clear on this; the order of definitions is important:
Remove[plus]
Attributes[plus] = {Orderless};
plus[x__Integer, y__Real] := x + y
plus[2.5, 3]
5.5
So the Orderless attribute must be active at the time the definition is created.
Noteworthy is that definitions made before setting the attribute can cohabit with those made after setting it in a very useful way. For years I didn't know this until Simon Woods made me aware of it with this answer:
Here is my own application of that behavior:
Version 10.1 introduces OrderlessPatternSequence which allows orderless behavior to be applied one definition (or even pattern) at a time.
Remove[plus]
plus[OrderlessPatternSequence[x__Integer, y__Real]] := x + y
plus[a_, b_] /; a < b := {a, b}
The first definition works in orderless fashion:
plus[2.5, 3, 1.8]
7.3
The second definition retains normal behavior:
plus[3, 1]
plus[3, 1]
