# Poincare Section of an Hamiltonian

I'm in the desire to plot the Poincare Section of a differential equation defined by a hamiltonian system.

The hamiltonian is as follows:

H[x_,a_,y_,b_]= (a^2+b^2)/2+f*y+(1-f-Sqrt[x^2+(1-y)^2])/2


(here x and y and generalized coordinates and a, b their respective momentum. In case you are curious, this is the Hamiltonian of a spring pendulum)

In my case, to evaluate numeric, I set f = 0.2 and H = 0.03

And after applying Hamilton equations, I have:

x''[t]=x[t]/(2*Sqrt[x^2+(1-y)^2])
y''[t]=-0.2-(1-y[t])/Sqrt[x^2+(1-y)^2]


while x'[t]=a[t] and y'[t]=b[t]

Now, I want to plot the Poincare Map/Section for y[t]=0 and b[t]>0.

How am I supposed to do it? I have tried using this and this with no success.

An expected graph can be seen at these 2 links: one, two.

EDIT: Following this help to plot Poincaré section for double pendulum question, I basically tried changing this to my problem. Here is my code:

equations = {x'[t] == px[t],
y'[t] == py[t],
px'[t] == x[t]/(2*Sqrt[x[t]^2 + (1 - y[t])^2]),
py'[t] == -0.2 - (1 - y[t])/Sqrt[x[t]^2 + (1 - y[t])^2]};

psect[{x0_, px0_, y0_, py0_}] :=
Reap[NDSolve[{equations, x[0] == x0, px[0] == px0, y[0] == y0,
py[0] == py0, WhenEvent[y[t] + 0*x[t] + 0*px[t] + 0*py[t] == 0,
If[py[t] > 0,
Sow[{px[t], x[t]}]]]}, {x, px, y, py}, {t, 0, 200},
MaxSteps -> \[Infinity], MaxStepSize -> .0005]][[2, 1]];

ps = psect /@ Table[{0.01, 0.005, 0.01, i}, {i, -0.01, .01, 0.00125}]

ListLinePlot[#[[FindCurvePath[#][[1]]]] & /@ ps, Mesh -> All,
PlotRange -> All]


I got some errors at the ps and plot part:

ps = psect /@ Table[{0.01, 0.005, 0.01, i}, {i, -0.01, .01, 0.00125}]

Part::partw: Part 1 of {} does not exist. >>

Part::partw: Part 1 of {} does not exist. >>

Part::partw: Part 1 of {} does not exist. >>

General::stop: Further output of Part::partw will be suppressed during this calculation. >>

ListLinePlot[#[[FindCurvePath[#][[1]]]] & /@ ps, Mesh -> All,
PlotRange -> All]

Part::pkspec1: The expression <<1>> cannot be used as a part specification. >>

Part::pkspec1: The expression <<1>> cannot be used as a part specification. >>

Part::pkspec1: The expression <<1>> cannot be used as a part specification. >>

General::stop: Further output of Part::pkspec1 will be suppressed during this calculation. >>


How can I work this around?

• Have you seen for example this Oct 9, 2014 at 14:14
• i haven't found it before. thanks for the tip, i will try this out
– Geo
Oct 9, 2014 at 15:47

## 1 Answer

Try with the following code:

H[px_, pz_, x_, z_] := 1/2 (px^2 + pz^2) + z + 2 (3/4 - Sqrt[x^2 + (z - 1)^2])^2 - 1/8
xpp = D[x[t], t, t] - x[t] (-4 + 3/Sqrt[x[t]^2 + (-1 + z[t])^2]);
zpp = D[z[t], t, t] - 3 + 3/Sqrt[x[t]^2 + (-1 + z[t])^2] - (-4 + 3/Sqrt[x[t]^2 + (-1 + z[t])^2]) z[t];
n = 140;
list = Range[n];
For[i = 1;, i < n + 1, i++,
ics = {Random[Real, {-0.55, 0.55}], Random[Real, {-0.45, 0.45}], Random[Real, {-0.44, 0.9}], Random[Real, {-0.17, 0.9}]};
inisol = Solve[H[ini, ics[[4]], ics[[1]], ics[[2]]] == 0.866, ini];
inival = ini /. inisol;
ics = {ics[[1]], ics[[2]], inival[[2]], ics[[4]]};
TimeMin = 0;
TimeMax = 12000;
Section = Reap[NDSolve[{xpp == 0, zpp == 0, x[0] == ics[[1]],
z[0] == ics[[2]], x'[0] == ics[[3]], z'[0] == ics[[4]]}, {x,
z}, {t, TimeMin, TimeMax}, MaxSteps -> ∞, Method -> {"EventLocator","Event" -> x[t], "EventAction" :> Sow[{z[t], z'[t]}]}]][[2]];
list[[i]] = ListPlot[Transpose[Table[Section, {j, Length[Section]}]][[1]][[1]], PlotStyle -> {Black, Opacity[0.25], AbsolutePointSize[0.5]}]]
Show[list, PlotRange -> All, Frame -> True, Axes -> False, LabelStyle -> Directive[Black, Small], ImageSize -> Large, Background -> Lighter[Gray, 0.95]]


The resulting Poincaré section is as follows:

Also, if you want to paint each orbit with a different color, you just have to place the following:

PlotStyle -> {RGBColor[Random[], Random[], Random[]], AbsolutePointSize[0.5]}


and

LabelStyle -> Directive[White, Small], Background -> GrayLevel[0.1]


It is even possible to paint Poincaré sections interactively:

• Very nice indeed! Mar 12, 2021 at 9:17
• How do you do this last interactive bit? Also, is it possible to easily extract the last values of $(x,z,x',z')$ to verify energy conservation? Nov 10, 2022 at 19:03