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I try to solve the following problem, making use of 14.0 on Windows 10

Let a triangle $\Delta$ (a contour with its interior) be chosen in the unit square $S$. To prove that the closure of the difference of the sets $\overline{S\setminus \Delta}$ includes a triangle of the area at least $1/6$

Here are my unsuccessful attempts. First, I try to apply quantifiers to this end. Let us denote the coordinates of the vertices of the chosen triangle by {x1,x2}, {y1,y2}, {z1,z2} and the coordinates of the vertices of the the desired triangle by {a1,a2}, {b1,b2}, {c1,c2}. The quantifiers do not directly work withRegions, so RegionMemberis needed to be used to rewrite regions as systems of algebraic equations and inequalities.

The command

ForAll[{x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, z2},  x1 >= 0 && x1 <= 1 && y1 >= 0 && y1 <= 1 && y2 >= 0 && 
y2 <= 1 &&  z1 >= 0 && z2 <= 1,  Exists[{a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2}, 
RegionMember[RegionDifference[Rectangle[],
Triangle[{{x1, x2}, {y1, y2}, {z1, z2}}]], {a1, a2}] && 
RegionMember[RegionDifference[Rectangle[], 
Triangle[{{x1, x2}, {y1, y2}, {z1, z2}}]], {b1, b2}] && 
 RegionMember[RegionDifference[Rectangle[], 
 Triangle[{{x1, x2}, {y1, y2}, {z1, z2}}]], {c1, c2}], 
 Area[Triangle[{{a1, a2}, {b1, b2}, {c1, c2}}]] >= 1/6 && 
 ForAll[{x, y},Implies[RegionMember[Triangle[{{a1, a2}, {b1, b2}, {c1, c2}}], {x, y}], 
 RegionMember[RegionConvert[RegionDifference[Rectangle[], 
 Triangle[{{x1, x2}, {y1, y2}, {z1, z2}}]], "Implicit"], {x,y}]]]]]

seems syntactically correct. Unfortunately,

Resolve[%, Reals]

The kernel Local has quit (exited) during the course of an evaluation

on my comp (which is not powerful) in several hours.

Second, I try to apply NMaximize to find a desired triangle by

f[x1_?NumericQ, x2_?NumericQ, y1_?NumericQ, y2_?NumericQ, z1_?NumericQ, z2_?NumericQ] := 
 NMaximize[{Area[ Triangle[{{a1, a2}, {b1, b2}, {c1, c2}}]], 
(RegionConvert[ RegionDifference[Rectangle[], 
     Triangle[{{x1, x2}, {y1, y2}, {z1, z2}}]], 
    "Implicit"] /. {\[FormalX] -> a1, \[FormalY] -> a2})[[1]]
&& (RegionConvert[ RegionDifference[Rectangle[], 
     Triangle[{{x1, x2}, {y1, y2}, {z1, z2}}]], 
    "Implicit"] /. {\[FormalX] -> b1, \[FormalY] -> b2})[[
 1]] && (RegionConvert[RegionDifference[Rectangle[], 
     Triangle[{{x1, x2}, {y1, y2}, {z1, z2}}]], 
    "Implicit"] /. {\[FormalX] -> c1, \[FormalY] -> c2})[[1]] && 
RegionIntersection[RegionDifference[Rectangle[], 
   Triangle[{{x1, x2}, {y1, y2}, {z1, z2}}]], 
  Triangle[{{a1, a2}, {b1, b2}, {c1, c2}}]] == 
 Triangle[{{a1, a2}, {b1, b2}, {c1, c2}}]}, {a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2}]

and then to NMinimize the function f, but

f[1/4, 0.3, 1/4, 0.7, 0.8, 0.8]

NMaximize::bcons: The following constraints are not valid: {Triangle[{{a1,a2},{b1,b2},{c1,c2}}] ==BooleanRegion[{#1,#2}&,{Polygon[{{<<2>>},{<<2>>},{<<2>>},{<<2>>}}->{{<<3>>}}], Triangle[{{a1,a2},{b1,b2},{c1,c2}}]}],0. +1. a1<=1.,<<6>>,-0.8 c1-0.2 c2<=-0.8,-0.2 c1+0.2 c2<=0.}. Constraints should be equalities, inequalities, or domain specifications involving the variables.

I don't think GeometricTest is able to solve it at the present and, as far as my knowledge goes, AlphaGeometry is not implemented in Mathematica yet.

Edit. In order to make the formulation more accurate, the difference of the sets $S\setminus \Delta$ is replaced by the closure of the difference of the sets $\overline{S\setminus \Delta}$.

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  • $\begingroup$ Please, don't edit the question, you may suggest changes in your comments to the question. $\endgroup$
    – user64494
    Commented Mar 26, 2024 at 18:37
  • 1
    $\begingroup$ It is not fair to down vote without explanation. $\endgroup$
    – user64494
    Commented Mar 26, 2024 at 19:38
  • $\begingroup$ (+1) I think we can assume that the three points of the first triangle are all on the edges of such unit square,right? $\endgroup$
    – cvgmt
    Commented Mar 26, 2024 at 21:42
  • $\begingroup$ @cvgmt: Thank you for your interest to the question. No, there is not such a condition in the formulation of the problem. The proof of the possibility of that restriction is not clear to me. $\endgroup$
    – user64494
    Commented Mar 27, 2024 at 5:25
  • $\begingroup$ A picture could help to clarify the question $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 27, 2024 at 16:58

2 Answers 2

3
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Based on the interesting answer of @three777 we can define quite general triangle depending on three paramters 0<\[Alpha], \[Beta], \[Gamma] <1 as shown in the picture

Graphics[{Arrow[{{0, 0}, {\[Alpha], 0}}], 
   Arrow[{{1, 0}, { 1, \[Beta]}}], Arrow[{{1, 1}, {1 - \[Gamma], 1}}],
    Text["\[Alpha]", {\[Alpha], 0}/2, {0, -1}], 
   Text["\[Beta]", { 1, \[Beta]/2}, { 1, 0}], 
   Text["\[Gamma]", {1 - \[Gamma]/2, 1}, {0, 1}], FaceForm[None], 
   EdgeForm[Black], Rectangle[], FaceForm[Red], 
   Triangle[{{\[Alpha], 0}, { 1, \[Beta]}, {1 - \[Gamma], 1}}]
   } /. {\[Alpha] -> .2, \[Beta] -> .3, \[Gamma] -> .9}]

enter image description here

Minimization of the four neighboring triangles gives

sol = Minimize[{
Max[{ Cross[{\[Alpha], 0}] . {1 - \[Gamma], 1}/2,Cross[{1 - \[Gamma], 1}] . {0, 1}/2 , (1 - \[Alpha]) \[Beta]/2, (1 - \[Beta]) \[Gamma]/2}] }
, {\[Alpha], \[Beta], \[Gamma]}]

(*{1/6, {\[Alpha] -> 1/3, \[Beta] -> 1/2, \[Gamma] -> 2/3}}*)

Graphics[{Arrow[{{0, 0}, {\[Alpha], 0}}], 
   Arrow[{{1, 0}, { 1, \[Beta]}}], Arrow[{{1, 1}, {1 - \[Gamma], 1}}],
    FaceForm[None], EdgeForm[Black], Rectangle[], FaceForm[Red], 
   Triangle[{{\[Alpha], 0}, { 1, \[Beta]}, {1 - \[Gamma], 1}}]
   } /. sol[[2]]]

enter image description here

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  • 1
    $\begingroup$ This is not it, The vertices of the triangle $\Delta$ from the question are not assumed to belong to the sides of the square $S$ and this is noticed in the comments to the question. I will be waiting for serious and rich-in-content answers. $\endgroup$
    – user64494
    Commented Mar 29, 2024 at 19:37
  • 1
    $\begingroup$ It is quite obvious that scenario with triangle vertices laying on the boundary of the square is equivalent to the general problem. Similarly, a problem of finding a prime that divides a large number does not mean that you have to divide it by all prime numbers starting from 2 until you find a divisor. There are much clever methods. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 30, 2024 at 10:13
  • 1
    $\begingroup$ @azerbajdzan Thanks for your competent comment. It is quite obvious that we only need to consider the three boundary regions which follow from the extended triangular sides. user64494's rating " waiting for serious and rich-in-content answers" is simply out of place and unnecessary , I think $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 30, 2024 at 13:45
  • $\begingroup$ For completeness, the case of 2 vertices on 1 side needs to be considered. This is easy to do with the proposed method. (@user64494 will you consider this amendment a valid solution?) $\endgroup$
    – yarchik
    Commented May 28, 2024 at 15:11
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Manipulate[
 Graphics[{{Transparent, EdgeForm[Black], Rectangle[{0, 0}, {1, 1}]}, 
   Black, Triangle[{{0, a}, {1/2, 1}, {1, a}}], 
   Arrow[{{1.05, 0}, {1.05, a}}], Arrow[{{1.05, a}, {1.05, 0}}], 
   Inset["a", {1.08, a/2}], Red, Triangle[{{1/2, 1}, {1, a}, {1, 1}}],
    Green, Triangle[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}, {1, a}}]}], {{a, 1/3}, 0, 1}]

enter image description here

Minimizing max of red and green triangle areas.

Minimize[Max@{Area@Triangle[{{1/2, 1}, {1, a}, {1, 1}}], 
   Area@Triangle[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}, {1, a}}]}, a]

$$\left\{\frac{1}{6},\left\{a\to \frac{1}{3}\right\}\right\}$$

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  • 2
    $\begingroup$ Thank you for your interest to the question and work. First, you consider a special case Triangle[{{0, a}, {1/2, 1}, {1, a}}]. Second, Triangle[{{0, 0}, {1, 0}, {1, a}}] and Triangle[{{1/2, 1}, {1, a}, {1, 1}}] are not logically derived. Corollary: this is not it. I will be waiting for serious and rich-in-content answers. $\endgroup$
    – user64494
    Commented Mar 26, 2024 at 19:28
  • 2
    $\begingroup$ This is a colored illustration of the question under consideration for special case. If I were you, I don't post it at all. $\endgroup$
    – user64494
    Commented Mar 26, 2024 at 19:36
  • 11
    $\begingroup$ (+1) This answer is more "serious and rich-in-content" that the question. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 26, 2024 at 19:40
  • 2
    $\begingroup$ @azerbajdzan: Unfortunately, your emotional personal opinion is not grounded. TNX anyway. $\endgroup$
    – user64494
    Commented Mar 26, 2024 at 19:49

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