numerical integration error for heavily oscillatory integrands

Question

Let $n$ be a positive integer and $p>0$. Define $$ f_{n,p}(t) = \frac{(p \ln t - 1) (\sin^{2n} t)}{t^{p+1}}, $$ and I was trying to look at the behaviour of $$ \sqrt{n}\lim_{p\to 0^+}\int_0^\infty f_{n,p}(t)dt $$ when $n\to\infty$.

I evaluated the following three integrals: $$ \sqrt{n}\int_\pi^\infty f_{n,p}(t)dt,\quad \sqrt{n}\int_0^\infty f_{n,p}(t)dt,\quad \sqrt{n}\int_0^\pi f_{n,p}(t)dt $$ for some specific value of large $n$ and small $p>0$ and got the following results in MMA 12.1.1 (version June 9, 2020):

With[{n = 20000, p = 0.0000001}, NIntegrate[Sqrt[n] (p Log[t] - 1) Sin[t]^(2 n)/t^(p + 1), 
   {t, Pi, Infinity}, MaxRecursion -> 40]]

-0.376124345064075

With[{n = 20000, p = 0.0000001}, NIntegrate[Sqrt[n] (p Log[t] - 1) Sin[t]^(2 n)/t^(p + 1), 
   {t, 0, Infinity}, MaxRecursion -> 40]]

-1.12838344570119

With[{n = 20000, p = 0.0000001}, NIntegrate[Sqrt[n] (p Log[t] - 1) Sin[t]^(2 n)/t^(p + 1), 
   {t, 0, Pi}, MaxRecursion -> 40]]

-1.12838344570105

The sum of the first and the third integral should be the second, so something is wrong here.

The third integral looks correct because I can manually calculate that $$ \lim_{n\to\infty} \lim_{p\to 0^+} \sqrt{n}\int_0^\pi f_{n,p}(t)dt = -\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi}} = -1.128379\cdots, $$ which agrees with the numerical integration result. The second integral is probably wrong and I have no idea of what the correct value of the first integral should look like but I think it should be positive.

Is there some workaround to obtain at least consistent results for the three integrals?

===

Background of the problem. The problem is related to https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2827591/alternate-proof-for-weighted-alternating-shifted-central-binomial-sum-relation Instead of $k^s$ in the sum, it is $\ln k$ in my problem, that is, I was looking at the sum $$ S_n = \sum_{k=1}^n (-1)^k \binom{2n}{n+k}\ln k. $$ I wish to show that $S_n / 2^{2n} >c/\sqrt{n}$ for some constant $c>0$ and all sufficiently large $n$. Following a similar approach to the answer in the link above, this boils down to showing that $$ \lim_{p\to 0^+} p \int_0^\infty f_{n,p}(t) dt > -\frac{c}{\sqrt n} $$ for some positive constant $c < \frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}(\gamma+\ln 2)\approx 0.7167$. I have managed to prove this analytically.

===

For a given value of $n$, Mathematica is able to evaluate the integral analytically (the answer is complicated, involving gamma and polygamma functions). So I did

N[Table[Sqrt[n]
Limit[Integrate[
 Sin[t]^(2 n)/t^(1 + p) (p Log[t] - 1), {t, 0, Infinity}, 
 Assumptions -> 0 < p < 1], p -> 0], {n, 10}]]

{-0.635181422730739, -0.551179369011369, -0.521962044454548, \
-0.507143476307785, -0.498189412540769, -0.492195004661885, \
-0.487901432379977, -0.484674935869789, -0.482161769590284, \
-0.480148962175569}

which makes me think what I wanted to show is true.

Answer 1

The main part of your integrand is Sin[t]^40000. This produces an infinity of very sharp peaks. Here is part of the graph:

I doubt if there is a purely numerical algorithm, that can integrate this from 0 to infinity.

Does this integrand appear in a real problem or is it rather a made up contraption to fool numerical routines. In the first case, some analytical method is needed and you may explain the problem. In the second case, it is not worth the time.