DSolve
does not solve the IVP, but it can solve the general equation. We can then get an implicit solution. The solution has an extraneous branch. I think I can probably get rid of it, but I'm out of time for the moment.
eq1 = Derivative[2][x][t] + 3 RealAbs[x[t]] x[t] == 0;
eq2 = x[0] == 1;
eq3 = Derivative[1][x][0] == 0;
condls = {eq1, eq2, eq3};
dsol = DSolve[eq1, x, t];
{xside, tside} =
Replace[dsol,
Verbatim[Solve][xs_ == ts_, _] :> {Simplify[xs /. x[t] -> x], ts}];
Reduce[Last@xside \[Element] Reals && C[1] > 0, x, Reals];
xmax = Simplify[MaxValue[{x, %}, x], %];
const = Solve[
Simplify[{x0 == xmax, xside == tside /. {x -> x0, t -> t0}},
x0 > 0 && C[1] > 0], {C[1], C[2]}];
(* solution for x[t0] == x0, x'[t0] == 0 *)
icsol =
Block[{Solve}, MapAt[Simplify, dsol /. First@const, {1, 1}]]
Solve::incnst: Inconsistent or redundant transcendental equation. After reduction, the bad equation is 1-InverseFunction[Hypergeometric2F1,4,4][1/3,1/2,4/3,Hypergeometric2F1[1/3,1/2,4/3,(2 x0^3)/Subscript[[ConstantC], 1]]] == 0.
Solve::ifun: Inverse functions are being used by Solve, so some solutions may not be found; use Reduce for complete solution information.
Solve::nsmet: This system cannot be solved with the methods available to Solve.

iceqn = Replace[
Quiet@dsol,
Verbatim[Solve][iceq_, ___] :> (
iceq /. {
x[t] -> x,
t ->
Mod[t + C[2],
2 FullSimplify[Sqrt@Last@xside /. x -> xmax], -FullSimplify[
Sqrt@Last@xside /. x -> xmax]] - C[2]
} /. First@const)
]

ContourPlot[
iceqn /. {
t0 -> 0,
x0 -> 1
} // Evaluate,
{t, -3, 3}, {x, -2, 2}, FrameLabel -> {t, x},
AspectRatio -> Automatic, PlotPoints -> {25, 13}
]
StreamPlot[{v[t], -3 RealAbs[x[t]] x[t]},
{x[t], -1, 1}, {v[t], -1, 1},
FrameLabel -> {x, v}]
DSolve[eq1, x, t]
and see if it's clear how to solveC[1]
andC[2]
for an initial condition. (That's what the message suggests to me.) $\endgroup$ – Michael E2 Nov 30 '20 at 4:12