# How to calculate the numerical integration of the product of two entries of an exponential matrix? [closed]

Lets define a $$6\times6$$ matrix $$M(t)$$ with entries $$m_{ij}$$ as

m11 = (g-r)/2;
m12 = 0;
m13 = (r+2)/2* Exp[2 I J t];
m14 = 0;
m15 = I k E1 Exp[I(J-w)t];
m16 = I k E1 Exp[I(J+w)t];

m21 = 0;
m22 = m11;
m23 = 0;
m24 = (r+2)/2* Exp[-2 I J t];
m25 = -I k E1s Exp[-I(J+w)t];
m26 = -I k E1s Exp[-I(J-w)t];

m31 = (r+2)/2* Exp[2 I J t];
m32 = 0;
m33 = m11;
m34 = 0;
m35 = I k E1 Exp[-I(J+w)t];
m36 = I k E1 Exp[-I(J-w)t];

m41 = 0;
m42 = m31;
m43 = 0;
m44 = m11;
m45 = -I k E1s Exp[I(J-w)t];
m46 = -I k E1s Exp[-I(J+w)t];

m51 = I k E1s Exp[-I(J-w)t];
m52 = I k E1 Exp[I(J+w)t];
m53 = I k E1s Exp[I(J+w)t];
m54 = I k E1 Exp[-I(J-w)t];
m55 = -gamma
m56 = 0;

m61 = -I k E1s Exp[-I(J+w)t];
m62 = -I k E1 Exp[I(J-w)t];
m63 = -I k E1s Exp[I(J-w)t];
m64 = I k E1 Exp[-I(J+w)t];
m65 = 0;
m66 = -gamma;


where

 w = 22.8; k = 5*10^-5; gamma = 0.037; J = w/2; E0 = 2.5*10^5; d = -3 J; g = 0.5; r = 1;
E1 = (I E0/3.2)(1/(d+J) Exp[-I J t]+ 1/(d-J) Exp[I J t] - 2 d/(d^2-J^2)Exp[I d t]);
E1s = (I E0/3.2)(1/(d+J) Exp[I J t]+ 1/(d-J) Exp[-I J t] - 2 d/(d^2-J^2)Exp[-I d t]);


One can formally write the following expression as a $$6\times6$$ matrix with entries $$d_{ij}(s,T)$$: $$$$\exp{\left[\int_{s}^{T} dt\; M(t)\right]}= \begin{pmatrix} d_{11}(s,T) & d_{12}(s,T) & \cdots & d_{16}(s,T) \\ d_{21}(s,T) & d_{22}(s,T) & \cdots & d_{26}(s,T) \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ d_{61}(s,T) & d_{62}(s,T) & \cdots & d_{66}(s,T) \end{pmatrix}$$$$

And I want to find $$$$\int_{0}^{T} ds\; d_{12}(s,T)\,d_{23}(s,T) \,E(s) \,e^{-iJs}$$$$

MarixExp for this problem is not fast and efficient, so I thought about the following trick:

$$$$\exp{\left[\int_{s}^{T} dt\; M(t)\right]} \approx \exp{\left[\sum_{i = 1}^{N} \Delta t_i\; M(t_i)\right]}; \quad \Delta t_i = (T-s)/N = h$$$$ $$$$= \exp{\left[M(t_1) h\right]} \exp{\left[M(t_{2}) h\right]} ... \exp{\left[M(t_N) h\right]}= \displaystyle\prod_{i = N}^{1} M(t_i) h$$$$

The reverse order for the limits is due to time ordering. If $$h$$ is small enough (hence, N large, say $$N = 1000$$), one can write $$\prod \exp{\left[M(t_i) h\right]}\approx \prod (1+ M(t_i) h)$$. Although $$T$$ is a number (say, $$T = 50$$), $$s$$ is an integration variable, and I have no idea how to calculate the product and then integrate: $$\int_{0}^{T} ds\; d_{12}(s,T)\,d_{23}(s,T) \,E(s) \,e^{-iJs}$$.

In other words, I need two specific entries of the matrix ($$d_{12}$$ and $$d_{23}$$), and then numerically integrate. Do you have any idea about the product when one limit is itself an integration variable?

• D = -3 do not use D - that's the derivative function, use d instead. Avoid capital letters in your variables. – flinty Jun 14 at 0:26
• @flinty I fixed it. – Saeid Jun 14 at 1:30