How to group together numbers in a list by the value of their tens digit?

Question

The line Table[Prime[n],{n,1000}] produces the list of first 1000 primes. Given this list how can the values be grouped by the values of their tens digit? i.e. how to have the primes in 10s together. and then primes in 20s together and so on up to primes in 7900s?

Answer 1

m = 100;
table = Table[Prime[n], {n, m}];

GroupBy[table, IntegerDigits[#, 10, 6][[-2]] &]

<|0 -> {2, 3, 5, 7, 101, 103, 107, 109, 307, 401, 409, 503, 509}, 
 1 -> {11, 13, 17, 19, 113, 211, 311, 313, 317, 419}, 
 2 -> {23, 29, 127, 223, 227, 229, 421, 521, 523}, 
 3 -> {31, 37, 131, 137, 139, 233, 239, 331, 337, 431, 433, 439}, 
 4 -> {41, 43, 47, 149, 241, 347, 349, 443, 449, 541}, 
 5 -> {53, 59, 151, 157, 251, 257, 353, 359, 457}, 
 6 -> {61, 67, 163, 167, 263, 269, 367, 461, 463, 467}, 
 7 -> {71, 73, 79, 173, 179, 271, 277, 373, 379, 479}, 
 8 -> {83, 89, 181, 281, 283, 383, 389, 487}, 
 9 -> {97, 191, 193, 197, 199, 293, 397, 491, 499}|>

m = 1000;
table = Table[Prime[n], {n, m}];
GroupBy[table, IntegerDigits[#, 10, 6][[-2]] &] // Short[#, 10] &

<|0->{2, 3, 5, 7, 101, 103, 107, 109, 307, 401, 409, 503, 509, 601,607, 
701, 709, 809, 907, 1009, 1103, 1109, 1201, 1301, 1303,1307, 1409,1601,1607, 
1609, 1709, 1801,1901,1907,2003,2203,2207,2309,2503, 2609,2707, 2801, 2803, 
2903, 2909,3001,3109,3203,3209,3301,3307,3407,3607,3701, 3709,3803, 3907, 
4001, 4003,4007,4201,4409,4507,4603,4703,4801,4903,4909,5003,5009, 5101, 
5107, 5209,5303,5309,5407,5501,5503,5507,5701,5801,5807,5903,6007,6101, 6203, 
6301, 6607,6701,6703,6709,6803,6907,7001,7103,7109,7207,7307,7309, 7507, 
7603, 7607,7703,7901,7907},
<<8>>,
9 -> {97,191,193,197,199,293,397,491,499,593,599,691,797,991, 
997,1091,1093,1097,1193,1291,1297,1399,1493,1499,1597,1693,1697, 
1699,1993,1997,1999,2099,2293,2297,2393,<<28>>, 4691, 4793,4799,4993,4999, 
5099, 5197,5297,5393,5399,5591,5693,5791,5897,6091,6197,6199, 6299, 6397, 
6491, 6599,6691,6791,6793,6899,6991,6997,7193,7297,7393, 7499,7591, 7691, 
7699, 7793}|>

Update: Using Mod[Quotient[#, 10], 10] & instead of IntegerDigits[...] as suggested by J.M. in comments, is much faster for large m:

m = 1000000;
table = Table[Prime[n], {n, m}];
assoc1 = GroupBy[table, IntegerDigits[#, 10, 6][[-2]] &]; // RepeatedTiming // First

 0.196

assoc2 = GroupBy[table, Mod[Quotient[#, 10], 10] &]; // RepeatedTiming // First

 0.12

assoc1 == assoc2

 True