Replace elements of a list if the conditional is false

Question

There is a list:

{1, {a, b, c}, 1, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, {A, B, D, Z}}

It contains sublists of different elements and several $1$s. The goal is to replace an element to $0$ if it's not $1$.

Desirable outcome:

{1, 0, 1, 0, 0}.

I know that there is a replace all (/.) function that can do such work but can't find out how to apply it here. What can I do?

Answer 1

Replace[
 {1, {a, b, c}, 1, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, {A, B, D, Z}},
 Except[1] :> 0,
 1
 ]

where the third argument of Replace contrains the application of the replacement rule to the 1st level of the expression.

Answer 2

list = {1, {a, b, c}, 1, {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, {A, B, D, Z}};

There will be lots of ways of doing this, but here is one.

If[# === 1, 1, 0] & /@ list
(* {1, 0, 1, 0, 0} *)

(Solving this using pattern matching is made more difficult by the need to avoid matching the whole list).