Minimize fails to find a minimum [closed]

Question

I am trying to find, analytically, the $\theta,\phi$ that minimize the function U($\theta,\phi$)

Clear[h, d]
m = {Sin[θ] Cos[ϕ], Sin[θ] Sin[ϕ], Cos[θ]};
n = {Sin[θn] Cos[ϕn], Sin[θn] Sin[ϕn],Cos[θn]};
H = h {0, 0, 1};
U = -H.m - d (n.m)^2

where h and d are positive. θn and ϕn are fixed variables.

How can I find the value of $\theta,\phi$ that minimizes U($\theta,\phi$)?

I tried to use

Minimize[{U, h > 0, d > 0}, {θ, ϕ}]

It is not successful, Mathematica just returns the input as the output.

What is the proper way of doing this problem?

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Update

I solved it manually. $dU/d\phi=0$ leads to $\phi=\phi_n$ or $\pi+\phi_n/\pi$, and, therefore, $dU/d\theta=0$ gives the equation for $\theta$ as

$\qquad h\sin\theta+d\sin[2(\theta\pm\theta_n)]=0$

Mathmematica is able to give a long analytical solution. I have to use a numerical result for given values of d,h,$\theta_n$, $\phi_n$.

Answer 1

Evidently it's having trouble with the transcendental equation. Plug in values and it can do it numerically.

d = .5
h = .5
θn = 45 °
ϕn = 30 °

Minimize[U, {θ, ϕ}]
(*{-0.899519, {θ -> 0.523599, ϕ -> 0.523599}}*)

You need to test your own values, since I don't know what reasonable input value are.