Replace sub-expressions matching a pattern unless located under specific heads

Question

Suppose I have some rule, e.g. Re[x_] :> (x + Conjugate[x])/2. I want to apply it to all matching sub-expressions in some expression, excluding any sub-expressions that are located somewhere under heads Hold[…] or Function[…] (at any depth). What is the simplest way to do that? Can it be done without explicit filtering of positions?

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For example, the result of replacement in the expression:

{z + Re[a], Hold[1 + Re[b]], Function[z, Abs[Re[c]]]}

should be

{z + (a + Conjugate[a])/2, Hold[1 + Re[b]], Function[z, Abs[Re[c]]]}

where Re[b] and Re[c] are left unmodified, because they are located under Hold and Function.

Answer 1

Just include the patterns you want to avoid in your replacement rule:

ReplaceAll[
    {z + Re[a], Hold[1 + Re[b]], Function[z, Abs[Re[c]]]},
    {
        h:(_Hold | _Function) :> h,
        Re[x_] :> (x+Conjugate[x])/2
    }
]

{z + 1/2 (a + Conjugate[a]), Hold[1 + Re[b]], Function[z, Abs[Re[c]]]}