Combining two directed graphs without loosing any edge

I have two directed graphs given below:

one={1 -> 2, 1 -> 3, 3 -> 4, 4 -> 1};
two={1 -> 2, 1 -> 3, 1 -> 4};


I simply want to map the two graphs as a single graph keeping all the edges repeated as multiple edges like 1->2, 1->3. I tried

GraphUnion[one, two]


but it is not giving me what I am after. I want to keep all the edges in these two graphs and differentiate the two graphs with different colors.

Any idea?

Example 2

one = {1 \[DirectedEdge] 10, 3 \[DirectedEdge] 5, 3 \[DirectedEdge] 6,
6 \[DirectedEdge] 1, 6 \[DirectedEdge] 2, 6 \[DirectedEdge] 3,
6 \[DirectedEdge] 4, 6 \[DirectedEdge] 7, 6 \[DirectedEdge] 8,
6 \[DirectedEdge] 11, 6 \[DirectedEdge] 12, 6 \[DirectedEdge] 13,
6 \[DirectedEdge] 14, 6 \[DirectedEdge] 15, 6 \[DirectedEdge] 16,
6 \[DirectedEdge] 17, 11 \[DirectedEdge] 9};

two = {1 \[DirectedEdge] 6, 2 \[DirectedEdge] 6, 3 \[DirectedEdge] 6,
4 \[DirectedEdge] 6, 5 \[DirectedEdge] 6, 6 \[DirectedEdge] 8,
7 \[DirectedEdge] 6, 8 \[DirectedEdge] 6, 9 \[DirectedEdge] 8,
10 \[DirectedEdge] 6, 11 \[DirectedEdge] 9, 12 \[DirectedEdge] 6,
13 \[DirectedEdge] 9, 14 \[DirectedEdge] 6, 15 \[DirectedEdge] 6,
16 \[DirectedEdge] 6, 17 \[DirectedEdge] 6};

HighlightGraph[EdgeAdd[Graph[one, VertexLabels -> "Name"], two], two,
VertexLabels -> "Name"]
GraphUnion[one, two, VertexLabels -> "Name"]


In Highlight there is something wrong because there are two edges like 11->9, and only one of them should be RED, the other be BLUE. It seems that identical edges are assumed to belong to graph two only. What I am after is to separate them with different colors as the colors have a meaning in the context. GraphUnion is not generating the same graph at all because it takes mathematical union of the two graphs, eliminating the repeated edges.

I simply want to map two separate graphs with different colors on top of each other without loosing any directed edge.

• Graph@Join[one, two]? – Kuba Aug 21 at 11:53

You can use EdgeAdd:

EdgeAdd[one, two, VertexLabels -> "Name"]


Alternatively, you can use GraphComputationGraphSum:

GraphComputationGraphSum[Graph @ one, Graph @ two, VertexLabels->"Name"]


same picture

GraphUnion works as expected (that is, it will not the give desired output): it takes the Union of vertices and the Union of edges from the two input graphs:

• The graph union Graph[$$v_1, e_1$$] ⋃ Graph[$$v_2, e_2$$] is given by Graph[$$v_1$$$$v_2$$, $$e_1$$$$e_2$$].
• It works but somehow I cannot highlight the second graph correctly. I will edit the question with a different example. By the way, GraphUnion is not giving the desired output. You might want to look at my edition to the question. – Tugrul Temel Aug 21 at 12:51
• GraphComputationGraphSum[Graph @ one, Graph @ two, VertexLabels->"Name"] works fine but I need to differentiate the two graphs with different colors. – Tugrul Temel Aug 21 at 13:12
• @Tugrul, Unfortunately, individual styling and labeling of multi-edges is a non-trivial task in mathematica. You can use this answer. See also this, and this, – kglr Aug 21 at 13:36
• Thank you very much for your guidance and help. I will look into the links you sent me. – Tugrul Temel Aug 21 at 13:40