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I want to recreate the following picture enter image description here

for a project. However, I am not sure how to do this with Mathematica. Is there an easy way to obtain just the "background" picture of the sphere without the data that appear with blue and red colors and add the data later on through a list?

Thank you in advance

Wow I have indeed missed these very useful posts. Thank you very much! I have on extra question. I have constructed the following list of datapoints 

list={{0.000114589, 122.672, 26.1591}, {0.000116848, 123.48,29.4959}, {0.000168035, 122.847, 26.8044}, {0.000257776, 123.345,28.8847}, {0.000502939, 123.558, 29.6776}, {0.000580785, 123.256,28.479}}{0.000470642, 122.588, 25.4321}, {0.0000279161, 123.541, 29.7422},{0.000206893, 122.682, 26.0995}, {0.000188516, 122.573, 25.5085}, {0.000429472, 123.571, 29.7051}, {0.000278518, 123.831, 30.3842},{0.000347686, 123.479, 29.5709}, {0.000211741, 123.62, 29.8788}, {0.000326793, 123.163, 28.0487}, {5.58289*10^-6, 123.067, 27.67}, {0.000131174, 122.509, 25.5254}, {0.000666323, 122.579, 25.6588}, {0.000189534, 123.647, 30.1039}, {0.000185758, 123.543, 29.4141},{0.0000900875, 123.398, 29.1022}, {0.0000658898, 122.893, 26.8988}, {0.000269479, 122.543, 25.3957}, {0.0000897253, 122.873, 26.8974};

Say I want the first element of each sublist to be coloured differently (the 2nd and 3rd elements correspond to the galactic coordinates of some supernovae). How can I construct the GeoGraphic plot of these points with an appropriate barlegend indicating the colour of each of the first elements?

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    $\begingroup$ Yes, try GeoGraphics. Here is one example: mathematica.stackexchange.com/q/72426/5478 $\endgroup$ – Kuba♦ Aug 11 at 20:33
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    $\begingroup$ Maybe not really a duplicate. But certainly a relevant link. mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/13361/… $\endgroup$ – Henrik Schumacher Aug 11 at 20:56
  • $\begingroup$ About your edit, notice that in the linked example I do exactly that, the third column is used to specify colors of points. $\endgroup$ – Kuba♦ Aug 14 at 19:20
  • $\begingroup$ Yes you are right. However I would also like to have a barlegend which will show the value of a third variable. For example the first element of each sublist in my edit. Thank you very much for your time. I am fairly new to Mathematica and I am a little bit confused! $\endgroup$ – Smaug Aug 14 at 19:37
  • $\begingroup$ You can add one with BarLegend. $\endgroup$ – Kuba♦ Aug 14 at 21:10