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I have the following code:

1/2 (Sqrt[(-4 + x1) x1] + Sqrt[-4 + x1] Sqrt[x1]) //Simplify[#, {x1 < 0, (-4 + x1) < 0}] &

Sqrt[x] Sqrt[ y] + Sqrt[x y] // Simplify[#, {x < 0, y < 0}] &

which give respectively

1/2 (Sqrt[-4 + x1] Sqrt[x1] + Sqrt[(-4 + x1) x1])

and

0

Why in one case mathematica recognise a simplification and in the other not?

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    $\begingroup$ Seems to be an issue of the default ComplexityFunction giving too high complexities for the intermediate expressions in the first case. You can use e.g. ComplexityFunction -> (Count[#, Power[_, 1/2], All] &) to devalue square roots, which makes Simplify return 0 in both examples. You can also use `ComplexityFunction -> (100 Count[#, Power[_, 1/2], All] + LeafCount[#] &) as a more general complexity function that just gives a high penalty to square roots. $\endgroup$
    – Lukas Lang
    Apr 27, 2019 at 9:57
  • $\begingroup$ Related: Can't simplify Abs[a*Cos[x]]^2 $\endgroup$
    – Lukas Lang
    Apr 27, 2019 at 10:04

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