The following code
Assuming[-1 < t < 1 && Element[a, Reals],
FullSimplify[
Integrate[
Piecewise[{{(1 + x)/(1 + t), -1 < x < t},
{(1 - x)/(1 - t), t < x < 1},
{0, True}}],
{x, -1, a}]]]
will result in $$ \begin{cases} 1 & a>1 \\ \frac{(a+1)^2}{2 (t+1)} & a>-1\land a<t \\ \frac{t+1}{2} & a=t \\ \frac{(a-1)^2}{2 (t-1)}+1 & a>t\land a\leq 1 \end{cases} $$
By the assumptions above, that's the same as:
$$ \begin{cases} 1 & a\ge 1 \\ \frac{(a+1)^2}{2 (t+1)} & a>-1\land a\leq t \\ \frac{(a-1)^2}{2 (t-1)}+1 & a>t\land a< 1 \end{cases} $$
which is the form I'd prefer.
Is there a way to automatically tell mathematica to do that?
The reason I want the second form is, that I'd need to integrate the output once again and in the first form, it would result in weird behavior, suddenly unnecessarily special-casing for $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ or things like that.
(Note that there is no case for $a\leq -1$. That case gets auto-handled by Mathematica as $\{0,True\}$ and doesn't show up when you use the \TeXFormat command)
% /. {y_, x_Equal} -> {y, False}
, but in more general situations this might be incorrect. $\endgroup$