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I have a very 2d non-linear differential algebraic equation I'm trying to solve with NDSolve.

The solution seems fine, but There are some numerical issues I cannot manage to control, and I don't know how to approach it.

Here is the example

f[x_, z_] := ((20 z)/(1 - Exp[-20 x z])/(
     1 + (20 z)/(1 - Exp[-20 x z])) - (20 z Exp[-20 x z])/(
     1 - Exp[-20 x z])/(
     1 + (20 z Exp[-20 x z])/(1 - Exp[-20 x z]))) - z; 
f[x_, y_, z_] := z - 0.1 (x - 1) (1 + 1/(4 y) Exp[(x - 1)/(5 y)]); 
g[x_, y_] := 1 - y - y Exp[(x - 1)/(5 y)];

sol = NDSolve[{
    f[x[t], z[t]] == 0,
    x'[t] == f[x[t], y[t], z[t]], y'[t] == g[x[t], y[t]], x[0] == 1.9,
     y[0] == 0.9}, {x[t], y[t], z[t]}, {t, 0, 100}, 
   Method -> {"EquationSimplification" -> {Automatic, 
       "SimplifySystem" -> True}}];

Plot[{Evaluate[x[t] /. sol], Evaluate[y[t] /. sol], 
  Evaluate[z[t] /. sol]}, {t, 0, 10}, 
 PlotLegends -> Placed[{"x(t)", "y(t)", "z(t)"}, {Right, Top}], 
 Frame -> True, FrameLabel -> {Style["t", FontSize -> 14, Black], ""}]

Plot[{Evaluate[z[t] /. sol]}, {t, 0, 10}, 
 PlotLegends -> Placed[{"z(t)"}, {Right, Top}], Frame -> True, 
 FrameLabel -> {Style["t", FontSize -> 14, Black], ""}]

When I plot the three functions together, the solution seems fine. however when I plot $z(t)$ by itself, you can see that there is always noise.

enter image description here

enter image description here How can I add a fixed step to the solution of the DAE, or somehow monitor that what that I'm doing is correct?

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    $\begingroup$ Try PlotRange->All for the z plot. $\endgroup$ – user21 Apr 10 '18 at 8:43
  • $\begingroup$ @user21, It's still noisy, The solution is expected to converge smoothly to the constant value. $\endgroup$ – jarhead Apr 10 '18 at 8:45
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    $\begingroup$ have you noticed that the y-range doesn't even give an indication of the size of the noise? To me it looks like that could well be within the expected numeric precision... $\endgroup$ – Albert Retey Apr 10 '18 at 8:48
  • $\begingroup$ @AlbertRetey, is there I way I can verify that? $\endgroup$ – jarhead Apr 10 '18 at 8:49
  • $\begingroup$ Well, then use PlotRange -> {0.94, 0.96}. $\endgroup$ – user21 Apr 10 '18 at 8:49
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This is well in the acceptable numerical noise regime:

Subtract @@ MinMax[Table[Evaluate[z[t] /. sol], {t, 0, 10, 0.01}]]
-3.606067700001603`*^-8

Set the NDSolve options

, AccuracyGoal -> 12, PrecisionGoal -> 12

to lower this if you think it is too much.

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  • $\begingroup$ So, if I understand correctly, the numerical noise is not the issue here. $\endgroup$ – jarhead Apr 10 '18 at 8:59
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    $\begingroup$ @jarhead, No, I do not think so. It is just Plot that tries hard to show some action in the data. I would not worry about it. $\endgroup$ – user21 Apr 10 '18 at 9:07

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