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I want to do a replacements such that: f[P1,P2,P3] goes to P1[a]P2[b]P3[c] g[a,b,c] where I want the a,b,c to be unique.

More general, I want products like f[P1,P2,P3] f[Q1,Q2,Q3] to go to P1[a1]P2[b1]P3[c1] g[a1,b1,c1] Q1[a2]Q2[b2]Q3[c2] g[a2,b2,c2] where again a1,a2,b1,b2,c1,c2 are guaranteed to be unique non conflicting characters.

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    $\begingroup$ This looks awfully like an XY problem. What are you actually trying to do here? $\endgroup$
    – J. M.'s missing motivation ♦
    Commented Jul 26, 2017 at 13:14
  • $\begingroup$ @J.M. Sure I will update the question in a minute and include X (XY problem), but does that mean that there is no very simple solution to this question itself? (Since you seem to think the underlying problem is easier to solve in a different way.). I would think that this is a very fundamental operation that would have way more applications than the specific problem I am trying to solve right now. $\endgroup$
    – Kvothe
    Commented Jul 26, 2017 at 13:20
  • $\begingroup$ Local replacement can be done through ReplacePart[], but this seems like a very unwieldy way of doing what you want here. $\endgroup$
    – J. M.'s missing motivation ♦
    Commented Jul 26, 2017 at 13:22
  • $\begingroup$ @Carl, great, hadn't found that one. I agree that is the same question. This should be marked a duplicate (can't do that myself right?). $\endgroup$
    – Kvothe
    Commented Jul 26, 2017 at 13:52
  • $\begingroup$ Or you can change your question to what you actually want to do. Something like f[P1, P2, P3] /. f[a__] :> With[{v = Table[Unique[], Length[{a}]]}, Inner[Compose, {a}, v, Times] g @@ v] would work. $\endgroup$
    – Carl Woll
    Commented Jul 26, 2017 at 13:54

1 Answer 1

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You can use the following replacement rule to achieve what you want:

f[P1, P2, P3] /. f[a__] :> With[{v=Table[Unique[],Length[{a}]]},
    Inner[Compose, {a}, v, Times] g@@v
]

g[\$9, \$10, \$11] P1[\$9] P2[\$10] P3[\$11]

Note that Compose is a deprecated function that still works, and I like it. You can replace Compose with #1[#2]& if you prefer to use non-deprecated functions.

Also, as @KJ says, you could consider using the built-in tensor algebra functions. For example, you could represent your output as:

TensorContract[
    TensorProduct[P1, P2, P3, g],
    {{1,4}, {2,5}, {3,6}}
]

This representations avoids the need to create dummy indices.

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