# Convergence Problem in NIntegrate

I need to evaluate the following integral numerically for different values of a:

NIntegrate[w E^(-w/a)Sin[(w-0.001)100000]/((w-0.001)^2), {w, 0, ∞}]


If I define a small value for a and use the MaxRecursion and AccuracyGoal options I got no error:

a=0.000001
NIntegrate[w E^(-w/a)Sin[(w-0.001)100000]/((w-0.001)^2),
{w, 0, ∞}, MaxRecursion -> 300, AccuracyGoal -> 10]


0.0000374967

But when I increase the value of a with any value for MaxRecursion and AccuracyGoal:

a=0.001
NIntegrate[w E^(-w/a)Sin[(w-0.001)100000]/((w-0.001)^2),
{w, 0, ∞}, MaxRecursion -> 300, AccuracyGoal -> 10]


It gives the error:

Numerical integration converging too slowly; suspect one of the following: singularity, value of the integration is 0, highly oscillatory integrand, or WorkingPrecision too small

It seems that a lot of questions arose regarding this problem in this community, but I didn't find any concrete solution. I really appropriate if anyone help me out with a solution?

• The integral does not converge because there is a pole of order 1 at w == 0.001. The first NIntegrate, which returns an answer without complaint, is wrong. Now, do you want the Cauchy principal value? (There is also an extra parenthesis in front of Sin[].) – Michael E2 Jun 22 '16 at 18:54
• @MichaelE2 Why is it wrong? Yes. I want the principal value. By the way, thanks for the point on extra parenthesis. – New Developer Jun 22 '16 at 19:06
• Actually, I just assumed it was wrong, because the integral diverges and you didn't specify the "PrincipalValue" method. But maybe it was doing the PV behind the scenes anyway. By comparison, I get 6.63412*10^-7 for your first integral by the method in my answer below. – Michael E2 Jun 22 '16 at 19:11

Assuming principal value:

Block[{a = 0.001, w0 = 0.001},
NIntegrate[
w E^(-w/a) Sin[(w - w0) 100000]/((w - w0)^2),
{w, 0, w0, ∞}, MaxRecursion -> 20, AccuracyGoal -> 10,
Method -> "PrincipalValue"]
]
(*  -0.000052312  *)


Check (seems stable with increased precision):

Block[{a = 0.001 // Rationalize, w0 = 0.001 // Rationalize},
NIntegrate[w E^(-w/a) Sin[(w - w0) 100000]/((w - w0)^2),
{w, 0, w0, ∞},
MaxRecursion -> 20, AccuracyGoal -> 10, WorkingPrecision -> 32,
Method -> "PrincipalValue"]
]
(*  -0.000052311984060810925124564538411  *)


I think this integral can be done analytically. I have ignored the 0.001 term as I suspect this is merely intended to improve the numerical behaviour.

Assuming[a > 0, Integrate[w E^(-w/a) Sin[(w) 100000]/((w)^2), {w, 0, Infinity}]]


gives the value

ArcTan[100000 a]