Here is an example:
damp
is the damping factor, w0
the undamp angular frequency that we set arbitrarily to 1 and x[0]
the start position and x'[0]
the start velocity:
eq = {x''[t] + 2 damp w0 x'[t] + w0^2 x[t] == 0, x[0] == 1,
x'[0] == 0};
sol[t_] = x[t] /. DSolve[eq, x, t][[1]] /. {w0 -> 1}
funs[t_] = Table[sol[t], {damp, 0, 1.5, 0.3}]
Plot[Evaluate[funs[t]], {t, 0, 15}, PlotRange -> All]
Solutions for damp<1 are called "underdamped", for damp==1 "critical damped" and for damp>1 "overdamped".
Note that for the "critical damped case", you will need to take the limit of the solution because of the term: 1/(2 (-1 + damp^2)). You can do this e.g. by:
Limit[sol[t], damp -> 1]
(*E^-t (1 + t)*)
NDSolve
is asking for are the initial conditions. (2)NDSolve
will also want numerical values for $q$, $g$ and $\tau$. $\endgroup$