The integrals can in fact be done exactly, but only if you make some use of the symmetries of the problem first.
- The circular ring geometry implies that the magnetic field will look the same in any vertical plane going through the rotation axis (which we call the
z
axis). Therefore, we don't need to specify three independent variablesx
,y
andz
to do the calculation. Instead, sety = 0
and look only at thexz
plane. - The component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the
xz
plane must be zero, so we don't have to calculate the integral for it. - Use spherical polar coordinates to specify the point of interest, instead of Cartesian coordinates
- In the non-zero integrals over the ring, the integration variable
Theta
appears only in the formCos[Theta]
which is symmetric aroundTheta = π
. Therefore, all integrals can be reduced to the domain{Theta, 0, π}
if we multiply the result by2
at the end.
With these points in mind, the calculation goes like this (using exactly your setup): replace the Integrand
by int2
which uses spherical coordinates with the azimuthal angle set to zero (xz
plane), then observe that we only need to integrate int[[1]]
and int[[3]]
to get Bx
and Bz
:
s = 1;
m = 4*Pi*10^7;
l[Theta_] := {s Cos[Theta], s Sin[Theta], 0};
R = {x, y, z} - l[Theta];
r = R/Sqrt[R.R];
Deel = D[l[Theta], Theta];
Cross[Deel, r];
Integrand = %/R.R;
int2 = Simplify[
Integrand /.
Thread[{x, y,
z} -> ρ {Cos[ϕ] Sin[θ],
Sin[ϕ] Sin[θ], Cos[θ]} /. ϕ ->
0], ρ > 0 && θ > 0 && ϕ > 0 && Theta > 0]
$$\left\{\frac{\rho \cos (\theta ) \cos (\text{Theta})}{\left(\rho ^2-2 \rho \sin (\theta ) \cos (\text{Theta})+1\right)^{3/2}},\\ \frac{\rho \cos (\theta ) \sin (\text{Theta})}{\left(\rho ^2-2 \rho \sin (\theta ) \cos (\text{Theta})+1\right)^{3/2}},\\ \frac{1-\rho \sin (\theta ) \cos (\text{Theta})}{\left(\rho ^2-2 \rho \sin (\theta ) \cos (\text{Theta})+1\right)^{3/2}}\right\}$$
Bx =
2 Assuming[ρ > 0 && Pi/2 > θ > 0,
Integrate[int2[[1]], {Theta, 0, Pi}]]
$$\frac{2 \cot (\theta ) \left(\left(\rho ^2+1\right) E\left(\frac{4 \rho \sin (\theta )}{\rho ^2+2 \sin (\theta ) \rho +1}\right)-\left(-2 \rho \sin (\theta )+\rho ^2+1\right) K\left(\frac{4 \rho \sin (\theta )}{\rho ^2+2 \sin (\theta ) \rho +1}\right)\right)}{\left(-2 \rho \sin (\theta )+\rho ^2+1\right) \sqrt{2 \rho \sin (\theta )+\rho ^2+1}}$$
Bz =
2 Assuming[ρ > 0 && Pi/2 > θ > 0,
Integrate[int2[[3]], {Theta, 0, Pi}]]
$$\frac{2 \left(\left(-2 \rho \sin (\theta )+\rho ^2+1\right) K\left(\frac{4 \rho \sin (\theta )}{\rho ^2+2 \sin (\theta ) \rho +1}\right)-\left(\rho ^2-1\right) E\left(\frac{4 \rho \sin (\theta )}{\rho ^2+2 \sin (\theta ) \rho +1}\right)\right)}{\left(-2 \rho \sin (\theta )+\rho ^2+1\right) \sqrt{2 \rho \sin (\theta )+\rho ^2+1}}$$
Here, $E$ and $K$ are the elliptic functionsintegrals EllipticE
and EllipticK
.
StreamPlot[{Bx,
Bz} /. {θ -> ArcTan[z, x], ρ -> Sqrt[
x^2 + z^2]}, {x, -2, 2}, {z, -2, 2}]
This is a plot of the exact result.