Try RegionFunction
instead of Piecewise
VectorPlot3D[Sqrt[4 - (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)] {y, -x, 0}, {x, -2, 2}, {y, -2,2}, {z, -2, 2}
, RegionFunction -> Function[{x, y, z}, 4 > (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)],VectorPoints -> Fine]
or alternatively Boole
VectorPlot3D[Boole[4 > (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)] Sqrt[4 - (x^2 + y^2 + z^2)] {y, -x,0}
, {x, -2, 2}, {y, -2, 2}, {z, -2, 2} , VectorPoints -> Fine]