So I remembered running into this while answering an old SyntaxInformation based question, but here's a more systematic way to get at it.

We can get all of the standard SyntaxInformation patterns like so:

siData =
  ToExpression[
     Names["*"],
     StandardForm,
     Function[Null,
      If[Length[Quiet[OwnValues[#]]] === 0 && ! 
         System`Private`HasOwnCodeQ[#],
       Thread[ToString[Unevaluated[#]] -> Keys@SyntaxInformation[#]],
       {}
       ],
      HoldAllComplete
      ]
     ] // Flatten // GroupBy[Last -> First];

Then look at the keys:

siData // Keys

{"ArgumentsPattern", "LocalVariables", "ColorEqualSigns", \
"OptionNames"}

And we see that curious, undocumented "OptionNames" thing.

We can see what functions have that:

withOpsNames = siData["OptionNames"]

{"CDFDeploy", "Cell", "ChoiceDialog", "CoefficientArrays", \
"CopyFile", "CreateDialog", "CreateDocument", "CreateNotebook", \
"CreatePalette", "CreateScheduledTask", "CreateWindow", \
"DefineInputStreamMethod", "DialogInput", "DialogNotebook", \
"DirectedEdges", "DocumentNotebook", "DumpSave", "Dynamic", \
"DynamicBox", "DynamicModuleBox", "DynamicWrapper", \
"DynamicWrapperBox", "ExpressionCell", "GraphAssortativity", \
"GroebnerBasis", "Input", "InputString", "LibraryFunctionLoad", \
"MessageDialog", "Notebook", "NotebookPut", "NotebookRead", \
"Notebooks", "PaletteNotebook", "PopupWindow", "Printout3D", \
"Rasterize", "ResetScheduledTask", "RunScheduledTask", "Style", \
"StyleBox", "SystemOpen", "TextCell", "URLBuild", "URLFetch", \
"URLFetchAsynchronous", "URLParse", "URLQueryDecode", \
"URLQueryEncode", "URLResponseTime", "URLSave", \
"URLSaveAsynchronous", "WaitAsynchronousTask", "WhenEvent", \
"$FrontEndSession"}

And then just for fun we'll find those options that are in the syntax info, but aren't in the basic Options list and vice versa:

opsNamesComplement =
  Block[{
    $Context = "Global`",
    $ContextPath = {"BoxForm`", "System`", "Global`"}
    },
   AssociationThread[
    withOpsNames ->
     ToExpression[withOpsNames, StandardForm,
      {
        Complement[Keys@Options[#], 
         ToExpression@Lookup[SyntaxInformation[#], "OptionNames", {}]],
        Complement[
         ToExpression@
          Lookup[SyntaxInformation[#], "OptionNames", {}],
         Keys@Options[#]
         ]
        } &
      ]
    ]
   ];

And here's some fun stuff from there:

Select[opsNamesComplement, 
 Length@#[[2]] > 0 && Length@Flatten@# < 10 &]

<|"Cell" -> {{Clickable, FillForm, Name, 
    VariableChangesAreEdits}, {BoxForm`Clickable, BoxForm`FillForm, 
    BoxForm`Name, BoxForm`VariableChangesAreEdits}}, 
 "CopyFile" -> {{OverwriteTarget}, {"MIMEType", Automatic}}, 
 "NotebookRead" -> {{CellContext}, {"WrapBoxesWithBoxData"}}, 
 "StyleBox" -> {{Clickable, FillForm, 
    VariableChangesAreEdits}, {BoxForm`Clickable, BoxForm`FillForm, 
    BoxForm`VariableChangesAreEdits}}|>

Which pops out, e.g., "MIMType" for CopyFile (an option I use all the time to make things auto-downloading in the cloud).

And note, too, what the standard CopyFile sytax info is:

SyntaxInformation[CopyFile]

{"ArgumentsPattern" -> {_, _, OptionsPattern[]}, 
 "OptionNames" -> {Automatic, "\"MIMEType\""}}

Which I think shows us a way to prevent that red coloring (I'm gonna bet the Automatic is just inheriting the base options):

SyntaxInformation[f] = {
  "ColorEqualSigns" -> {1, 1},
  "OptionNames" -> {Automatic, "Option1", "Option2", "Option3"}
  }

So if you know the potential names of the options, you don't need to set Options at all. If you don't know the potential names and have no way of guessing them... Well then we have a problem.