You're not counting all of the parameters as you need to include the error variance. So with $n=5$ data points and 3 coefficients and one error variance the number of parameters is $k=4$ and $n-k-1=0$, hence the resulting infinity. (Variances are parameters, too!)
See Hurvich & Tsai (1989) (Biometrika (1989), 76, 2, pp. 297-307).
Update
So for a standard regression model with just a single error term Mathematica uses the Hurvich & Tsai (1989) formula:
$$AIC_c=AIC+{{2(k+1)(k+2)}\over{n-k-2}}$$
where $k$ is the number of parameters in the model (not counting the error variance). (For a linear model $k$ is the rank of the design matrix.) This gives $\infty$ when $k=n-2$ as you found.
For whatever it's worth PROC MIXED
in SAS with METHOD=ML
(ML
for maximum likelihood rather than REML
for restricted maximum likelihood) with a single error variance uses a slightly different formula for $AIC_c$ to avoid dividing by zero when $k=n-2$:
$$AIC_c=AIC+{{2(k+1)(k+2)}\over{\max{(n,k+3)}-k-2}}$$