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An approximation (speed is in m/s and Position in m): AstronomicalData["Mars", {"Speed", {2019, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0}}] Normalize @@ Differences[ AstronomicalData[ "Mars", {"Position", {2019, 3, 1, 0, 0, #}}] & /@ {0, 1}] (* {-22373.4, 8780.75, 734.403} *)


2

As Sjoerd shows, AstronomicalData[] can be used to determine the altitude of the sun. However, if you do not need too much accuracy, such as in this application, you can use a low-accuracy method for computing the altitude. Most of the formulae I will be using are from (of course) Jean Meeus's Astronomical Algorithms. Some auxiliary routines will be needed. ...


12

It took me quite a while, but finally, here's a visualization of the perigee of Flamsteed's comet: I should first note two things: first, some of the needed data for computing the orbit of comet C/1683 O1 was missing in AstronomicalData["CometC1683O1", "Properties"], and I had to pull information from external sources to supplement the information ...



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