# Plot the results of integrating a complicated Dirac-delta function

Plot[Integrate[Sin[6.28*10^10 x]/(-x + t)
(1 + (-0.99995*(3.33*10^-8 - 0.99995 x) +
22.4 Sin[1.256*10^11 x])/
((3.33*10^-8 - 0.99995 x)^2 +
7.13*10^-10 (Sin[6.28*10^10 x])^2)^0.5)*
DiracDelta[
x -  t + ((3.33*10^-8 - 0.99995 x)^2 +
7.13*10^-10*(Sin[6.28*10^10 x])^2)^(1/2)], {x,0, 0,5*10^-9}], {t, 0, 0.001}]


I tried evaluating the above expression, but takes forever. Am I doing it right? Should I use NIntegrate

Plot[f[t], {t, 0, 0.0001}]


Then (took~20hrs)

Could I get better plot from this?

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Before try to plot the results of the integration, you should evaluate the Integrate expression at top-level. You will (quickly) find it does't work. –  m_goldberg Jul 3 '14 at 21:21
Yes I tried to evaluate Integrate at top-level, but neither work –  user16308 Jul 3 '14 at 21:23
For {t -> 0.0005, x -> 10^-9} the argument of DiracDelta has a nonzero imaginary component and the DiracDelta function is undefined. Perhaps you should check your formula. –  Michael E2 Jul 4 '14 at 1:45
Michael E2: Nope. t->0.0001 is for plot range and x->10^-9 is for the integration range –  user16308 Jul 4 '14 at 7:57
...So the DiracDelta would have an argument that complex with a nonzero imaginary part. AFAIK, the delta function is undefined for nonreal arguments. I thought you might know of such a definition. But now you have changed the formula to eliminate the problem, without indicating that you have done so -- that seems rather DISHONEST! –  Michael E2 Jul 8 '14 at 12:17

with the fix, Integrate works, the trick is you need to Integrate for numerical values of t: (Primarily I'm posting this because i was surprised it works )

 f[t_?NumericQ] := f[t] =   Integrate[ ..., {x, 0, 5*10^-9}]


I'm using ListPlot on a small table here so I can control exactly the points that get calculated -- This should work with Plot but I expect it might take hours. (5-10 minutes as is)

 ListPlot[Table[ {t, f[t]} , {t, 0, 2/100000, 1/1000000}],
Joined -> True, PlotRange -> All]


note I'm not at all confident this is accurate.. the argument of your DiracDelta has a few dozen roots for each t.

## simpler example

To see how this works here is a cleaner example of the same form:

 g[x_] = x^3;
f[x_] = x Cos[x + Pi/4];
Integrate[g[x]  DiracDelta[f[x] ] , {x, -2 Pi, 2 Pi }]


-2 Pi^2

the argument to DiracDelta , f[x] has five roots in the integration domain:

 fxroots = {  -7 Pi/4  , -3 Pi/4, 0 , Pi/4  , 5 Pi/4 };


after finding the roots the integral is reduced to the sum of the following values at the roots:

 g[x]/Abs[f'[x]] /. x -> # & /@ fxroots


{-((49 Pi^2)/16), -((9 Pi^2)/16), 0, Pi^2/16, ( 25 Pi^2)/16}

which totals to the value obtained by Integrate

Total@%


-2 Pi^2

For the example in he question f[x] is highly oscillatory with ~20 roots that need to be numerically determined for each t, which is why its so slow..

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I got 199 roots at some point. I suppose one needs to worry about multiple roots, too.... –  Michael E2 Jul 9 '14 at 18:57
i did too, somewhere in the edit trail he threw in a factor of 10 .. –  george2079 Jul 9 '14 at 22:55
Isn't it the case that if a multiple root appears inside DiracDelta there's a problem. Consider Integrate[x DiracDelta[(x - 3)^2], {x, 0, 4}]. If the argument of DiracDelta is written f[x] - t, it seems there are many values of t, one for every minimum of f[x], that give such a double root. I think an accurate graph will take some effort to obtain. –  Michael E2 Jul 11 '14 at 4:10
@MichaelE2 the integral blows up at the repeated root because the first derivative is zero. –  george2079 Jul 11 '14 at 14:31