# NMinimize seems to call function with the same values multiple times

I have to minimize a function where the evaluation of one parameter set takes very long (around 5sec) and discovered alongside, that NMinimize seems to call this function multiple times with the exact same values. As an example, consider the code

f[x_?NumericQ] := (Print[N[x, 10]]; x^2);
NMinimize[{f[x]}, x, Method -> "RandomSearch"]


The first couple of lines of the output are:

-0.829053
-0.829053
-0.829053
-0.829052
-0.329053
-0.329053
-0.329052
-8.85837*10^-9
-8.85837*10^-9
6.0428*10^-9


Am I missing something? The same output is also produced by setting PrecisionGoal -> 3 and AccuracyGoal -> 3, thus we can rule out that the numbers in the output are just identical representations of different numbers.

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You can do this with g[x_] = x^2, {sol, data} = Reap[NMinimize[{g[x]}, x, Method -> "RandomSearch", EvaluationMonitor :> Sow[{x, g[x]}]]];  and look at data. – b.gatessucks Feb 13 '14 at 10:18
I've observed this as well. I haven't investigated it thoroughly (you could use the diagnostic output if you want to see in detail what's going on) but the problem seems to be that in most cases Mathematica doesn't save the objective function value anywhere, so wherever it's required, it just gets reevaluated. NMinimize is great because of its very general constraint handling, but it isn't the most efficient choice in most cases. Perhaps try FindMinimum or, if you don't need constraints, my own Nelder-Mead optimizer. – Oleksandr R. Feb 13 '14 at 11:12
Hmm, I wonder why manual memonization does not help. ClearAll@f; f[x_?NumericQ] := (f[x] = (Print[N[x, 10]]; x^2)); NMinimize[f[x], x, Method -> "RandomSearch"]. So I guess f gets converted/compiled under the hood... – Ajasja Feb 13 '14 at 14:42
In addition to the useful suggestions from @Oleksandr R., you could define your function so that it memoizes, that is f[x_?NumericQ]:= f[x]=.... This will not prevent all reevaluations but I find that it can help. Caveat: you might need to sporadically clear out definitions so as not to use too much memory. – Daniel Lichtblau Feb 13 '14 at 14:50
I find the memoization works: ClearAll[f, g]; g = {}; f[x_?NumericQ] := f[x] = (g = {g, x}; x^2); NMinimize[f[x], x, Method -> "RandomSearch"]; DuplicateFreeQ[Flatten[g]] returns True. – ecoxlinux Feb 13 '14 at 15:45