# Gram Schmidt inner and outer products

I know the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization generates an orthonormal basis from an arbitrary basis. I need help with:

Write a program that inputs a list $\{b_1,\dotsc,b_n\}$ of linearly independent vectors and an inner proudct and outputs a list of orthonormal vectors $\{e_1,\dotsc,e_n\}$ with the same span.

innerproduct1[f_,g_]:=Sum[(f/.t->i)(g/.t->i), {i,1,4}]

gramschmidt2[innerproduct1_,list2_]:=
Module[{k,u,v,e},
k=Length[list2];
Do[Subscript[v,i]=list2[[i]],{i,1,k}];
Do[Subscript[u,i]=
Subscript[v,i]-
Sum[(innerproduct1[Subscript[v,i],Subscript[u,j]]/
innerproduct1[Subscript[u,j], Subscript[u,j]]*Subscript[u,j],  {j,1 ,i-1}];
Subscript[e,i]=
Subscript[u,i]/Sqrt[innerproduct1[Subscript[u,i].Subscript[u,i]]],{i, 1,k}];
Table[Subscript[e,i],{i,1,k}]
]

Sorry if the program is wrong. I might be going ahead of what I read which I probably am.

I just learned somethings about the Gram-Schmidt process from reading an analysis text a couple days ago. I saw this question online and thought I would try to solve it with what I read. I came to some frustration and really wanted to know how to write a Mathematica program for this.

-
What is the issue with the program you wrote? – Daniel Lichtblau Nov 4 '13 at 20:14
I just fixed my program. I think this is what the question in bold is asking. Can someone please tell me if this is correct? Is there another way to do this? – 9599 Nov 4 '13 at 20:54
Did you check the Mathematica document about 'Orthogonalize' command. There you can specify method as Gram-Schmidt. If you check the "Applications" part you can also find a related example for linearly independent vectors, the result is a set orthonormal with the given inner product. – s.s.o Nov 4 '13 at 21:02
It looks almost correct though I won't say I tested in any great detail. One issue I can see is use of a dot in the last call made to innerproduct1. I suspect a comma was wanted there. – Daniel Lichtblau Nov 4 '13 at 21:15
@DanielLichtblau Is it ok if you can show me your written program. I tried this for a couple days now and would like to compare this to someone who knows this. – 9599 Nov 4 '13 at 22:26

There is a built-in command for orthogonalizing vectors by generating a Gram-Schmidt basis (as suggested by s.s.o in a comment). Say you have some linearly independent vectors (generated here using RandomReal). For example, this generates three 10-D vectors at random.

z = RandomReal[{-1, 1}, {3, 10}]

orthoZ = Orthogonalize[z]

gives the three vectors in orthonormal form, as you can check:

orthoZ.Transpose[orthoZ] // Chop
{{1., 0, 0}, {0, 1., 0}, {0, 0, 1.}}

You can also specify your own inner product using the optional second argument of Orthogonalize. For example:

Orthogonalize[{1, x, x^2, x^3}, Integrate[Times[##], {x, -1, 1}] &]

uses $<x,y>=\int x(t) y(t) dt$ as the inner product and orthogonalizes the first few polynomials.

-