The WolframAlpha function gives to access to Wolfram|Alpha in Mathematica. Just like the Wolfram|Alpha web interface, there is a time limit on calculations. Also, you can't run arbitrary Mathematica programs. You need to use the "standard" W|A inputs.
While you can extend the time limit by subscribing to W|A Pro, I think what you are looking for is cloud computing services that support Mathematica. Here's something I managed to google up:
http://www.wolfram.com/news/cloudcomputing.html
If you're in academia, you should inquire about the computational resources your university provides.