Summing along rows or columns of a matrix

Question

I have a list of rows in database such as

{{a,b,c}, {d,e,f},{g,h,i}}

I want to be able to add each row across and each column down (like a spreadsheet). In other words be able to pick columns and rows and add down or across.
Could you point me in the right direction?

Answer 1

Use Total with the appropriate second argument to sum the matrix along rows/columns.

Sum along rows:

m = {{a,b,c}, {d,e,f},{g,h,i}};
Total[m, {1}]
(* {a + d + g, b + e + h, c + f + i} *)

By default, Total[m] (without a second argument) sums along the rows.

Sum along columns

Total[m, {2}]
(* {a + b + c, d + e + f, g + h + i} *)

Answer 2

You could get both the row and column sums at once with a simple function:

rowColSum[m_?MatrixQ] := {Plus @@@ m, Plus @@@ Transpose@m}

m = ArrayReshape[Range@6, {2, 3}]

{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}}

rowColSum@m

{{6, 15}, {5, 7, 9}}

If you were interested in getting spreadsheet-like output, you could do it this way:

tabulate[m_?MatrixQ] := Module[{rs, cs},
  rs = Plus @@@ m;
  cs = Append[Plus @@@ Transpose@m, ""];
  Append[MapThread[Append, {m, rs}], cs]]

tabulate@m // TableForm

Update

I would like to satisfy Mr.Wizard's request for color, but his specifications were rather vague. I hope the following will satisfy him.

colorPattern = (_RGBColor | _GrayLevel | _Hue);

wizardStyleTabulate[m_?MatrixQ,
                    dataColor : colorPattern : Black, 
                    sumColor : colorPattern : Blue] :=
Module[{data, rs, cs},
  data = Map[Style[#, dataColor] &, m, {-1}];
  rs = Style[#, sumColor] & /@ Plus @@@ m;
  cs = Style[#, sumColor] & /@ Append[Plus @@@ Transpose@m, ""];
  Append[MapThread[Append, {data, rs}], cs]]    

m // wizardStyleTabulate // TableForm

wizardStyleTabulate[m, Red, Hue[0.55]] // TableForm

Answer 3

 m = {{a, b, c}, {d, e, f}, {g, h, i}};

Update: Tr

Tr /@ (m\[Transpose])       (* column sums *)
Tr[m, Plus, 1]              (* column sums *)
Tr/@m                       (* row sums    *)
Tr[m\[Transpose], Plus, 1]  (* row sums    *)

---

Column sums

Total@m 
Plus @@ m 
Fold[Plus, First@m, Rest@m]
ConstantArray[1, 3].m 
Flatten@ListConvolve[{ConstantArray[1, 3]}, Transpose@m]
(* {a+d+g, b+e+h, c+f+i} *)

Row sums

Total /@ m
Plus @@@ m
Fold[Plus, First@#, Rest@#] &[Transpose@m]
m.ConstantArray[1, 3]
Flatten@ListConvolve[{ConstantArray[1, 3]}, m]
(* {a+b+c, d+e+f, g+h+i} *)