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I have a differential equation which I solved using NDSolve. I can easily plot x[t] vs. t, x'[t] vs. t, but....

how do I plot x[t] vs. x'[t]?

I tried using the Evaluate function to simplify things, but I still have no luck. Here's what I mean:

x1 = Evaluate[x'[t] /. sol];
x2 = Evaluate[x[t] /. sol];

Plot[x2, {x1, 0, 50}, PlotRange -> Automatic, AxesLabel -> {x[t], x'[t]}]

How can I plot these? This approach also did not work:

Plot[x[t]/.sol, {x'[t]/.sol, 0, 50}, PlotRange -> Automatic, 
AxesLabel -> {x[t], x'[t]}]

Help!

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Evaluate only makes sense when used inside Plot to distinguish the plotted functions, not during assignment. – István Zachar Nov 2 '12 at 17:40
3  
Welcome to Mathematica.SE! I suggest the following: 1) As you receive help, try to give it too, by answering questions in your area of expertise. 2)Read the FAQs! 3) When you see good Q&A, vote them up by clicking the gray triangles, because the credibility of the system is based on the reputation gained by users sharing their knowledge. ALSO, remember to accept the answer, if any, that solves your problem, by clicking the checkmark sign` – chris Nov 2 '12 at 17:47

3 Answers

up vote 0 down vote

All the above are right and helped me too, but I want to give you a much more brief and simple answer. Given a non linear equation in terms of x[t], you use:

solution=NDSolve[{equation,initial_cond},x[t],{t,0,10}]

to solve it. Then to plot x[t] vs x'[t] (phase space) you can use the following:

ParametricPlot[{x[t],x'[t]}/.solution,{t,0,10},AxesLabel->{x[t],x'[t]}]

That's it. I hope I helped you!

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2  
Welcome to our site! I was wondering what your answer adds to the one by acl which seems to give the identical solution. In what way(s), precisely, is yours simpler? – whuber Mar 26 at 21:09
It is the same you are right, seems like I had problems with my browser. I had some problems reading the use of NDSolve above. Sorry! – 2island Mar 27 at 14:31
up vote 7 down vote

or from a minor modification of the documentation 

splot = StreamPlot[{y, -Sin[x]}, {x, -4, 4}, {y, -3, 3},StreamColorFunction -> "Rainbow"]; 
Manipulate[Show[splot,
ParametricPlot[
Evaluate[
First[{x[t], y[t]} /. 
  NDSolve[{x'[t] == y[t], y'[t] == -Sin[x[t]], 
    Thread[{x[0], y[0]} == point]}, {x, y}, {t, 0, T}]]], {t, 0, 
T}, PlotStyle -> Red]],
{{T, 20}, 1, 100}, {{point, {3, 0}}, Locator}, 
SaveDefinitions -> True]

Mathematica graphics

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Reminds me of Strogatz. Did you ever use that book? – rcollyer Nov 2 '12 at 18:06
@rcollyer no: is it any good? – chris Nov 2 '12 at 18:08
I think it is an excellent primer for undergraduates, a bit thin for graduate level work. But, it provides a nice overview so can act as a jumping off point. – rcollyer Nov 2 '12 at 18:11
@rcollyer Thanks for the reference! I'll look into getting a copy. I had bifurcation theory as a grad level course but somehow nothing in that made sense to me (partly I suppose because of the terrible text book we had... cant remember the name now.) – drN Nov 2 '12 at 19:12
@rcollyer,@ drN this one from the doc also is particularly neat Manipulate[Row[{Text["m"] == MatrixForm[m], StreamPlot[Evaluate[m . {x, y}], {x, -1, 1}, {y, -1, 1}, StreamScale -> Large, StreamColorFunction -> "Rainbow"]}], {{m, {{1, 0}, {0, 2}}}, {{{1, 0}, {0, 2}} -> "Nodal source", {{1, 1}, {0, 1}} -> "Degenerate source", {{0, 1}, {-1, 1}} -> "Spiral source", {{-1, 0}, {0, -2}} -> "Nodal sink", {{-1, 1}, {0, -1}} -> "Degenerate sink", {{0, 1}, {-1, -1}} -> "Spiral sink", {{0, 1}, {-1, 0}} -> "Center", {{1, 0}, {0, -2}} -> "Saddle"}}] – chris Nov 2 '12 at 19:18
show 5 more comments
up vote 6 down vote

For instance, solving this

sol = First@NDSolve[
   {x''[t] == Sin[x[t]],
    x[0] == 1, x'[0] \[Equal] 0},
   x,
   {t, 0, 10}]

and then

ParametricPlot[{x[t], x'[t]} /. sol, {t, 0, 10}]

Mathematica graphics

Of course you can elaborate this so as to set the initial condition by clicking:

Manipulate[
 sol = First@NDSolve[
    {x''[t] == Sin[x[t]],
     x[0] == p[[1]], x'[0] == p[[2]]},
    x,
    {t, 0, 10}];
 ParametricPlot[
  {x[t], x'[t]} /. sol, {t, 0, 10},
  AxesLabel -> {"x[t]", "x'[t]"},
  PlotRange -> {{0, 2*Pi}, {-2, 2}}],
 {{p, {2, 1}}, Locator}
 ]

Mathematica graphics

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